So here is my view on the parties themselves and it has to do with the fundamental definitions that the party names originated from, republic and democracy.
"Today, the terms republic and democracy are virtually interchangeable, but historically the two differed. Democracy implied direct rule by the people, all of whom were equal, whereas republic implied a system of government in which the will of the people was mediated by representatives, who might be wiser and better educated than the average person. In the early American republic, for example, the requirement that voters own property and the establishment of institutions such as the Electoral College were intended to cushion the government from the direct expression of the popular will."
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/republicA Republican favors a republic.
A Democrat favors a democracy.
However, today, democracy and republic are interchangeable leaving no difference between the system of governments in relation to how the U.S. government is structured today.
Therefore that leads me to conclude that there is no actual difference between Republicans and Democrats. Any issues sided by each party tailor to a certain American majority that helps party members get elected. However, if you look throughout history, democrat or republican never adhered to their party line promises and instead have made decisions that pertained to the best interests of America. Some say those interests are the corporations, the people, or self-interested politicians. Either way, voting among party lines has no value if you wish to have some sort of implementation of change. A general rule in political science states that any elected official after 90 days of inauguration that does not make any party line policy change promised during election, that officials promised policy change will never happen.
Vote wisely.